Maryland County

Maryland County, located in southeastern Liberia, is one of the country’s most historically significant regions. It was originally established as the Republic of Maryland (1854-1857) before joining Liberia. The county borders Grand Kru County, River Gee County, and Côte d'Ivoire, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south. The capital is Harper, named after U.S. Senator Robert Goodloe Harper, who supported African-American resettlement.

Early History and Indigenous Inhabitants

Maryland County has long been home to the Grebo ethnic group, known for their warrior traditions, fishing, and farming.
The Grebo people were skilled traders, exchanging gold, ivory, palm oil, and rice with neighboring groups and European merchants.
They resisted European slave traders, often helping enslaved people escape from ships.

Americo-Liberian Settlement and the Republic of Maryland (1834-1857)

In 1834, freed African Americans from the U.S. settled in the area under the Maryland State Colonization Society (MSCS), which established the colony of Maryland in Africa.
The settlers founded Harper in 1835 and introduced Western education, governance, and Christianity.
In 1854, Maryland declared itself an independent republic, separate from Liberia.
However, tensions arose between Americo-Liberians and the Grebo people, leading to conflicts over land and power.
In 1857, after struggling with governance and security, Maryland joined the Republic of Liberia as Maryland County.

Economic Development and Growth (19th - 20th Century)

Harper became an important trade and administrative center, with exports of palm oil, timber, and rubber driving the economy.
The Firestone Rubber Company and other plantations developed in the region, providing jobs but also causing land disputes with locals.
Education flourished, with institutions like Cape Palmas High School and later Tubman University becoming major centers of learning.

Impact of the Liberian Civil Wars (1989-2003)

Maryland County was severely affected by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars, with widespread destruction, killings, and displacement.
Many residents fled to Côte d'Ivoire or were internally displaced.
Rebel forces occupied the region at various points, disrupting local trade and governance.

Post-War Recovery and Present-Day Maryland County

Since 2003, Maryland has been focused on rebuilding schools, roads, healthcare facilities, and businesses.
The county remains rich in natural resources, including timber, gold, rubber, and fishery industries.
Harper Port, once a key trading hub, is being rehabilitated to boost commerce.
The county also has tourism potential, with its historic buildings, beautiful beaches, and cultural sites attracting visitors.